| | Natural hazards (2002) | Natural hazards (2002) |
|
Afghanistan |
damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts |
damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts |
|
Albania |
destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought |
destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought |
|
Algeria |
mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season |
mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season |
|
American Samoa |
typhoons common from December to March |
typhoons common from December to March |
|
Andorra |
avalanches |
avalanches |
|
Angola |
locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau |
locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau |
|
Anguilla |
frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October) |
frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October) |
|
Antarctica |
katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf |
katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak; large icebergs may calve from ice shelf |
|
Antigua and Barbuda |
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts |
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts |
|
Arctic Ocean |
ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May |
ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May |
|
Argentina |
San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding |
San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding |
|
Armenia |
occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts |
occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts |
|
Aruba |
lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt |
lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt |
|
Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards |
surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December) |
icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September; hurricanes (May to December) |
|
Australia |
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires |
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires |
|
Austria |
landslides; avalanches; earthquakes |
landslides; avalanches; earthquakes |
|
Azerbaijan |
droughts |
droughts |
|
Bahamas, The |
hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage |
hurricanes and other tropical storms cause extensive flood and wind damage |
|
Bahrain |
periodic droughts; dust storms |
periodic droughts; dust storms |
|
Baker Island |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
|
Bangladesh |
droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season |
droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season |
|
Barbados |
infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides |
infrequent hurricanes; periodic landslides |
|
Bassas da India |
maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones |
maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones |
|
Belarus |
NA |
NA |
|
Belgium |
flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes |
flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes |
|
Belize |
frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south) |
frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south) |
|
Benin |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north from December to March |
|
Bermuda |
hurricanes (June to November) |
hurricanes (June to November) |
|
Bhutan |
violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season |
violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season |
|
Bolivia |
flooding in the northeast (March-April) |
flooding in the northeast (March-April) |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
destructive earthquakes |
destructive earthquakes |
|
Botswana |
periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility |
periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility |
|
Bouvet Island |
NA |
NA |
|
Brazil |
recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south |
recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south |
|
British Indian Ocean Territory |
NA |
NA |
|
British Virgin Islands |
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October) |
hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October) |
|
Brunei |
typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare |
typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare |
|
Bulgaria |
earthquakes, landslides |
earthquakes, landslides |
|
Burkina Faso |
recurring droughts |
recurring droughts |
|
Burma |
destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts |
destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts |
|
Burundi |
flooding, landslides, drought |
flooding, landslides, drought |
|
Cambodia |
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
|
Cameroon |
volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes |
volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes |
|
Canada |
continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains |
continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains |
|
Cape Verde |
prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active |
prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active |
|
Cayman Islands |
hurricanes (July to November) |
hurricanes (July to November) |
|
Central African Republic |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common |
|
Chad |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues |
|
Chile |
severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis |
|
China |
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
|
Christmas Island |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
|
Clipperton Island |
NA |
NA |
|
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
cyclone season is October to April |
cyclone season is October to April |
|
Colombia |
highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts |
highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts |
|
Comoros |
cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano |
cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano |
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes |
periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes |
|
Congo, Republic of the |
seasonal flooding |
seasonal flooding |
|
Cook Islands |
typhoons (November to March) |
typhoons (November to March) |
|
Coral Sea Islands |
occasional tropical cyclones |
occasional tropical cyclones |
|
Costa Rica |
occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes |
occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes |
|
Cote d'Ivoire |
coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible |
coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible |
|
Croatia |
destructive earthquakes |
destructive earthquakes |
|
Cuba |
the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common |
the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common |
|
Cyprus |
moderate earthquake activity; droughts |
moderate earthquake activity; droughts |
|
Czech Republic |
flooding |
flooding |
|
Denmark |
flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes |
flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes |
|
Djibouti |
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods |
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods |
|
Dominica |
flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months |
flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months |
|
Dominican Republic |
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts |
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts |
|
East Timor |
floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones |
floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones |
|
Ecuador |
frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts |
frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts |
|
Egypt |
periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms |
periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms |
|
El Salvador |
known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
|
Equatorial Guinea |
violent windstorms, flash floods |
violent windstorms, flash floods |
|
Eritrea |
frequent droughts; locust swarms |
frequent droughts; locust swarms |
|
Estonia |
sometimes flooding occurs in the spring |
sometimes flooding occurs in the spring |
|
Ethiopia |
geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts |
geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts |
|
Europa Island |
NA |
NA |
|
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
strong winds persist throughout the year |
strong winds persist throughout the year |
|
Faroe Islands |
NA |
NA |
|
Fiji |
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January |
cyclonic storms can occur from November to January |
|
Finland |
NA |
NA |
|
France |
flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean |
flooding; avalanches; midwinter windstorms; drought; forest fires in south near the Mediterranean |
|
French Guiana |
high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding |
high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding |
|
French Polynesia |
occasional cyclonic storms in January |
occasional cyclonic storms in January |
|
French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes |
Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes |
|
Gabon |
NA |
NA |
|
Gambia, The |
drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) |
drought (rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years) |
|
Gaza Strip |
droughts |
droughts |
|
Georgia |
earthquakes |
earthquakes |
|
Germany |
flooding |
flooding |
|
Ghana |
dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts |
dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts |
|
Gibraltar |
NA |
NA |
|
Glorioso Islands |
periodic cyclones |
periodic cyclones |
|
Greece |
severe earthquakes |
severe earthquakes |
|
Greenland |
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island |
continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island |
|
Grenada |
lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November |
lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November |
|
Guadeloupe |
hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano |
hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere de Guadeloupe is an active volcano |
|
Guam |
frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December) |
frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (June - December) |
|
Guatemala |
numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms |
numerous volcanoes in mountains, with occasional violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast extremely susceptible to hurricanes and other tropical storms |
|
Guernsey |
NA |
NA |
|
Guinea |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season |
|
Guinea-Bissau |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires |
hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires |
|
Guyana |
flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons |
flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons |
|
Haiti |
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts |
lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts |
|
Heard Island and McDonald Islands |
Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island |
Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island |
|
Holy See (Vatican City) |
NA |
NA |
|
Honduras |
frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast |
frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast |
|
Hong Kong |
occasional typhoons |
occasional typhoons |
|
Howland Island |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
|
Iceland |
earthquakes and volcanic activity |
earthquakes and volcanic activity |
|
India |
droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes |
droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes |
|
Indian Ocean |
occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches |
occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches |
|
Indonesia |
occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires |
occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires |
|
Iran |
periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along western border and in the northeast |
periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along western border and in the northeast |
|
Iraq |
dust storms, sandstorms, floods |
dust storms, sandstorms, floods |
|
Ireland |
NA |
NA |
|
Isle of Man |
NA |
NA |
|
Israel |
sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes |
sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; droughts; periodic earthquakes |
|
Italy |
regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice |
regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice |
|
Jamaica |
hurricanes (especially July to November) |
hurricanes (especially July to November) |
|
Jan Mayen |
dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 |
dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 |
|
Japan |
many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons |
many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons |
|
Jarvis Island |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard |
the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard |
|
Jersey |
NA |
NA |
|
Johnston Atoll |
NA |
NA |
|
Jordan |
droughts; periodic earthquakes |
droughts; periodic earthquakes |
|
Juan de Nova Island |
periodic cyclones |
periodic cyclones |
|
Kazakhstan |
earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty |
earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty |
|
Kenya |
recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons |
recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons |
|
Kingman Reef |
wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard |
wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard |
|
Kiribati |
typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes; low level of some of the islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
|
Korea, North |
late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall |
late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall |
|
Korea, South |
occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest |
occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest |
|
Kuwait |
sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April; they bring heavy rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August |
sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April; they bring heavy rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
NA |
NA |
|
Laos |
floods, droughts |
floods, droughts |
|
Latvia |
NA |
NA |
|
Lebanon |
dust storms, sandstorms |
dust storms, sandstorms |
|
Lesotho |
periodic droughts |
periodic droughts |
|
Liberia |
dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) |
dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) |
|
Libya |
hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms |
hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms |
|
Liechtenstein |
NA |
NA |
|
Lithuania |
NA |
NA |
|
Luxembourg |
NA |
NA |
|
Macau |
typhoons |
typhoons |
|
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
high seismic risks |
high seismic risks |
|
Madagascar |
periodic cyclones |
periodic cyclones |
|
Malawi |
NA |
NA |
|
Malaysia |
flooding, landslides, forest fires |
flooding, landslides, forest fires |
|
Maldives |
low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise |
low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise |
|
Mali |
hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding |
hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding |
|
Malta |
NA |
NA |
|
Marshall Islands |
infrequent typhoons |
infrequent typhoons |
|
Martinique |
hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) |
hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years) |
|
Mauritania |
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts |
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts |
|
Mauritius |
cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards |
cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards |
|
Mayotte |
cyclones during rainy season |
cyclones during rainy season |
|
Mexico |
tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts |
tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts |
|
Micronesia, Federated States of |
typhoons (June to December) |
typhoons (June to December) |
|
Midway Islands |
NA |
NA |
|
Moldova |
landslides (57 cases in 1998) |
landslides (57 cases in 1998) |
|
Monaco |
NA |
NA |
|
Mongolia |
dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud", which is harsh winter conditions |
dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud", which is harsh winter conditions |
|
Montserrat |
severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996) |
severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996) |
|
Morocco |
northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts |
northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts |
|
Mozambique |
severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces |
severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods occur in central and southern provinces |
|
Namibia |
prolonged periods of drought |
prolonged periods of drought |
|
Nauru |
periodic droughts |
periodic droughts |
|
Navassa Island |
NA |
NA |
|
Nepal |
severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons |
severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons |
|
Netherlands |
flooding |
flooding |
|
Netherlands Antilles |
Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October |
Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt and are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October |
|
New Caledonia |
cyclones, most frequent from November to March |
cyclones, most frequent from November to March |
|
New Zealand |
earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity |
earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity |
|
Nicaragua |
destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides; extremely susceptible to hurricanes |
|
Niger |
recurring droughts |
recurring droughts |
|
Nigeria |
periodic droughts; flooding |
periodic droughts; flooding |
|
Niue |
typhoons |
typhoons |
|
Norfolk Island |
typhoons (especially May to July) |
typhoons (especially May to July) |
|
Northern Mariana Islands |
active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) |
active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November) |
|
Norway |
rockslides, avalanches |
rockslides, avalanches |
|
Oman |
summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts |
summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts |
|
Pacific Ocean |
surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December |
surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); cyclical El Nino/La Nina phenomenon occurs in the equatorial Pacific, influencing weather in the Western Hemisphere and the western Pacific; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December |
|
Pakistan |
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) |
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) |
|
Palau |
typhoons (June to December) |
typhoons (June to December) |
|
Palmyra Atoll |
NA |
NA |
|
Panama |
occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area |
occasional severe storms and forest fires in the Darien area |
|
Papua New Guinea |
active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis |
active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis |
|
Paracel Islands |
typhoons |
typhoons |
|
Paraguay |
local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) |
local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) |
|
Peru |
earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity |
earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity |
|
Philippines |
astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis |
astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis |
|
Pitcairn Islands |
typhoons (especially November to March) |
typhoons (especially November to March) |
|
Poland |
flooding |
flooding |
|
Portugal |
Azores subject to severe earthquakes |
Azores subject to severe earthquakes |
|
Puerto Rico |
periodic droughts; hurricanes |
periodic droughts; hurricanes |
|
Qatar |
haze, dust storms, sandstorms common |
haze, dust storms, sandstorms common |
|
Reunion |
periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano |
periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano |
|
Romania |
earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides |
|
Russia |
permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia |
permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula; spring floods and summer/autumn forest fires throughout Siberia and parts of European Russia |
|
Rwanda |
periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo |
periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Democratic Republic of the Congo |
|
Saint Helena |
active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha |
active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha |
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
hurricanes (July to October) |
hurricanes (July to October) |
|
Saint Lucia |
hurricanes and volcanic activity |
hurricanes and volcanic activity |
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard |
persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat |
hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat |
|
Samoa |
occasional typhoons; active volcanism |
occasional typhoons; active volcanism |
|
San Marino |
NA |
NA |
|
Sao Tome and Principe |
NA |
NA |
|
Saudi Arabia |
frequent sand and dust storms |
frequent sand and dust storms |
|
Senegal |
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts |
lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts |
|
Serbia and Montenegro |
destructive earthquakes |
destructive earthquakes |
|
Seychelles |
lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible |
lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible |
|
Sierra Leone |
dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms |
dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms |
|
Singapore |
NA |
NA |
|
Slovakia |
NA |
NA |
|
Slovenia |
flooding and earthquakes |
flooding and earthquakes |
|
Solomon Islands |
typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity |
typhoons, but rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity |
|
Somalia |
recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season |
recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season |
|
South Africa |
prolonged droughts |
prolonged droughts |
|
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism |
the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism |
|
Southern Ocean |
huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue |
huge icebergs with drafts up to several hundred meters; smaller bergs and iceberg fragments; sea ice (generally 0.5 to 1 meter thick) with sometimes dynamic short-term variations and with large annual and interannual variations; deep continental shelf floored by glacial deposits varying widely over short distances; high winds and large waves much of the year; ship icing, especially May-October; most of region is remote from sources of search and rescue |
|
Spain |
periodic droughts |
periodic droughts |
|
Spratly Islands |
typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals |
typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals |
|
Sri Lanka |
occasional cyclones and tornadoes |
occasional cyclones and tornadoes |
|
Sudan |
dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
dust storms and periodic persistent droughts |
|
Suriname |
NA |
NA |
|
Svalbard |
ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic |
ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic |
|
Swaziland |
drought |
drought |
|
Sweden |
ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic |
ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic |
|
Switzerland |
avalanches, landslides, flash floods |
avalanches, landslides, flash floods |
|
Syria |
dust storms, sandstorms |
dust storms, sandstorms |
|
Taiwan |
earthquakes and typhoons |
earthquakes and typhoons |
|
Tajikistan |
earthquakes and floods |
earthquakes and floods |
|
Tanzania |
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought |
flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought |
|
Thailand |
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts |
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts |
|
Togo |
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts |
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts |
|
Tokelau |
lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
lies in Pacific typhoon belt |
|
Tonga |
cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms |
outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms |
|
Tromelin Island |
NA |
NA |
|
Tunisia |
NA |
NA |
|
Turkey |
very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van |
very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van |
|
Turkmenistan |
NA |
NA |
|
Turks and Caicos Islands |
frequent hurricanes |
frequent hurricanes |
|
Tuvalu |
severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level |
|
Uganda |
NA |
NA |
|
Ukraine |
NA |
NA |
|
United Arab Emirates |
frequent sand and dust storms |
frequent sand and dust storms |
|
United Kingdom |
winter windstorms; floods |
winter windstorms; floods |
|
United States |
tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development |
tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development |
|
Uruguay |
seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts |
seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts |
|
Uzbekistan |
NA |
NA |
|
Vanuatu |
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis |
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis |
|
Venezuela |
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts |
subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts |
|
Vietnam |
occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta |
occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta |
|
Virgin Islands |
several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes |
several hurricanes in recent years; frequent and severe droughts and floods; occasional earthquakes |
|
Wake Island |
occasional typhoons |
occasional typhoons |
|
Wallis and Futuna |
NA |
NA |
|
West Bank |
droughts |
droughts |
|
Western Sahara |
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
|
World |
large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) |
large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions) |
|
Yemen |
sandstorms and dust storms in summer |
sandstorms and dust storms in summer |
|
Zambia |
tropical storms (November to April) |
tropical storms (November to April) |
|
Zimbabwe |
recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare |
recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare |